نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی( کیفی )

نویسندگان

• سید عارف اصغرزاده شیاده ¹
• مهدی روح الامینی ²
• شیبا معصومی ³
• آزاده کیاپور ⁴

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران.

² استادیار، گروه مدیریت، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران.

³ استادیار، گروه مدیریت، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران

⁴ استادیار، گروه آمار، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش ارائه الگوى کیفی استفاده از تاثیرگذاران رسانه‌های اجتماعى در رفتار مصرف‌کنندگان صنعت لوازم آرایشى و بهداشتى لوکس می‌باشد. روش پژوهش با توجه به هدف آن، کاربردی و از حیث شیوه اجرا، کیفی، بر مبنای روش داده بنیاد می‌باشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 15 نفر از مدیران       شرکت‌های تبلیغاتی با حداقل 5 سال سابقه کار باشند، مدیران فروشگاه‌های اینترنتی در رسانه‌های اجتماعی و اساتید دانشگاهی رشته مدیریت بازاریابی که تحقیقاتی داشتند، می‌باشد. حجم نمونه با منطق نمونه‌گیری نظری و روش قضاوتی و از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاری از متخصصین حوزه تبلیغات انجام شد و مصاحبه‌ها تا دستیابی به اشباع نظری ادامه داشت. برای گردآوری اطلاعات از مصاحبه نیمه‎ ساختاریافته استفاده شد. برای کدگذاری داده ها از نرم افزار MAXQDA استفاده گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بازاریابی رسانه های اجتماعی در مجموع 11 عامل و 93 مولفه استخراج و شناسایی شد. عوامل شناسایی شده شامل: شرایط علی (تغییر در نحوه بازاریابی، تغییرات فناورانه، تغییرات زیستی مردم)، پدیده محوری (فرایند استفاده از تاثیرگذاران رسانه‌‌های اجتماعى)، عامل زمینه‌ای و بسترساز (ویژگی‌های تاثیرگذاران رسانه‌های اجتماعی، ویژگی‌های برند)، عامل مداخله‌گر (عوامل دولتی، بینش اجتماعی از رسانه‌های اجتماعی)، عامل راهبردی (استفاده از استراتژی‌های مختلف بازاریابی، سنجش موفقیت تبلیغات تاثیرگذاران)، پیامد (اثربخشی تبلیغات) می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• رسانه‌های اجتماعى
• رفتار مصرف کنندگان
• لوازم آرایشى و بهداشتى
• بازاریابی
• تبلیغات

20.1001.1.00000000.1402.3.3.5.1

موضوعات

• مدیریت کسب و کار

عنوان مقاله [English]

Presenting a qualitative model of the use of social media influencers in the behavior of consumers in the luxury cosmetics industry

نویسندگان [English]

• Seyyed Aref Asgharzadeh ¹
• mehdi Rouholamini ²
• Shiba Masoumi ³
• Azadeh Kiapour ⁴

¹ PhD student, Department of Management, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran.

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Management, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran

⁴ Assistant Professor, Department of Statistics, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, Iran

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research is to present a qualitative model of the use of social media influencers in the behavior of consumers in the luxury cosmetics industry. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, based on the foundation's data method. The statistical population of the research includes 15 managers of advertising companies with at least 5 years of work experience, managers of online stores in social media and university professors in the field of marketing management who had research. The sample size was conducted with the logic of theoretical sampling and judgmental method and through semi-structured interviews of experts in the field of advertising, and the interviews continued until reaching theoretical saturation. A semi-structured interview was used to collect information. MAXQDA software was used to code the data. The results showed that social media marketing had a total of 11 factors and 93 components extracted and identified. Identified factors include: causal conditions (changes in the way of marketing, technological changes, people's biological changes), central phenomenon (the process of using social media influencers), background and background factors (characteristics of social media influencers, brands), intervening factor (government factors, social insight from social media), strategic factor (using different marketing strategies, measuring influencers' advertising success), consequence (advertising effectiveness).
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Recently, social media channels that have visual content, simple search and quick response have become increasingly popular (Masuda et al, 2022). The amount of time people spend on social media channels has also increased significantly (Arora et al, 2019). The reduction of advertisements in traditional media has led to the growth of social media strategies such as marketing with influential people (Bhaumik & Meng, 2022). In fact, the goal of marketing through influential people is to find a suitable person who can be a good ambassador for introducing the brand and his audience will become potential customers of the respective brand (Kim & Kim, 2022). Influential marketing is a type of marketing in which direct communication is not established with the audience and messages are not sent directly to the audience (Zedan & Salem, 2016). Instead, companies choose the key people of the audience community and convey their messages to the audience through them (Zhang & Huang, 2022).
Marketing through influential people can also market diverse products and services, which affects the credibility gained over time (Farivar & Wang, 2022). Luxury goods are part of a new social protocol in which one's identity and self-esteem are determined by visible brands (Cho et al, 2022). Luxury is defined as the highest level of authentic brands including several physical and psychological values. The fundamental motives for acquiring luxury brands are related to interpersonal aspects as well as hedonic factors (Wiedmann, Hennigs & Siebels, 2009). Competition in luxury brands is increasing day by day in the current market (Botonaki et al, 2016). In this competitive scene, luxury brands must understand the attitudes and values ​​of their customers in order to survive, because customers are looking for values ​​beyond ordinary products when consuming luxury goods (Lou et al, 2022).
Based on this, the current research is looking for an answer to this question: What is the qualitative pattern of using social media influencers in the behavior of consumers in the luxury cosmetics industry?
Theoretical framework
Social media
These days, when we talk about social media on the Internet, we are actually talking about a virtual and intangible type of human communication network (Nekmahmud et al, 2022). Social media has attracted billions of active users and accumulated masses of users that are increasing exponentially (Gutierrez et al, 2023). Online social media sites usually include a set of user accounts where registered members can post information that they want to share with others (Khodayari et al, 2021). Users are generally involved with two concepts of creating new content or content created by others (Chegini, 2021).
Advertising through influencers
Today, based on the attraction marketing methodology, what is important for marketing managers is to convert the visitor into a customer, then into a loyal customer, and finally into a promoter (Sajadi et al, 2015). To achieve this goal, various techniques are used, of which marketing through influential people or influencer marketing is one of them (Shekarchi & Valikhani, 2021). In fact, influence marketing is a branch of marketing that focuses on the potential of influential and famous people to direct the brand message to a larger market (Chan et al, 2023).
Ren et al, (2023) investigated the effectiveness of endorsement by different social media influencers: the moderating effect of brand competence and warmth. The researchers' findings show that endorsements from influencers who take on an entertaining role attract more engagement (in terms of views, likes, and comments) than endorsements from influencers who are informative.
Yeik et al, (2022) have conducted a study under the title of effective social media marketing: the moderating role of materialism. The results show that the trustworthiness and expertise of social media influencers are important predictors for the purchase intention of followers. Furthermore, the moderating effect of materialism on the relationship between attractiveness and purchase intention is significant. It is noteworthy that the effect of attractiveness on purchase intention is greater when materialism is high.
 
Research methodology
According to its purpose, the research method is applicable, and qualitative in terms of implementation, with an exploratory nature. The data theory of the foundation was used in this research. The statistical population of the research consists of 20 specialists, experts and knowledgeables in the field of social media marketing, and university professors; and sampling was done using the logic of theoretical sampling and judgmental method, with a total of 15 people were interviewed, and theoretical saturation was achieved from the 14th interview onwards.
Research findings
The research data were analyzed in three main stages: open coding, central coding and selective coding. MAXQDA software was used for analysis. The results showed that social media marketing had a total of 11 factors and 93 components; extracted and identified. Identified factors include: causal conditions (changes in the way of marketing, technological changes, people's biological changes), central phenomenon (the process of using social media influencers), underlying and background factors (characteristics of social media influencers, brand characteristics), the intervening factor (government factors, social insight from social media), the strategic factor (use of different marketing strategies, measuring the success of influencers' advertisements), the consequence (advertising effectiveness).
Conclusion
The purpose of this research is to present a qualitative model of the use of social media influencers in the behavior of consumers in the luxury cosmetics industry. The results of this research are consistent with the results of Shekarchi & Valikhani (2021), Naghash et al, (2021), Kim & Kim (2022), Tahirah et al, (2020), Venus et al, (2019), Arora et al, (2019) Shoja et al, (2022), Khodayari et al, (2021), Arora et al, (2019). The model strategies of using social media influencers in the behavior of consumers of the luxury cosmetics industry include the use of different marketing strategies and measuring the success of influencers' advertisements. Businesses without a proper strategy for marketing through social media may publish posts on social media without a specific goal and just to complete the assignment, without knowing what goals they are pursuing or who the target audience is. With this method, no results will be obtained from social media marketing. For this reason, they must determine a specific strategy for the progress of the work. Social media is always evolving with the emergence of new platforms and the addition of different features to the platforms. Marketing in social media, like any profession, expertise or strategy, has its own advantages that make people who are looking to create or develop their business enter this field. According to the results obtained from the research, it is suggested:
1) Increasing the skills of managers and employees of the brand marketing unit, increasing the experience and knowledge of managers and employees of the marketing unit, paying attention to the policy, and type of management of brand managers.
2) Production of products in line with customer interests.
3) Polite treatment of influencers in social media, use of correct words and observance of social etiquette in providing valuable content for customers.
4) Serious attention of Influencers to the originality of the content and non-copying and imitating the content created by others, as well as transparency and non-hiddenness during advertising.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Social media
• consumer behavior
• cosmetics
• marketing
• advertising